Rwanda has approved a phased roadmap to retire its legacy 2G and 3G mobile networks, paving the way for expanded 4G and 5G connectivity as part of the country’s digital transformation strategy.
Under the plan, 3G services will be switched off nationwide on 30 June 2027, while the retirement of the 2G network is provisionally scheduled for December 2028, subject to national readiness and the successful completion of the 3G migration.
According to the government, maintaining four generations of mobile technology simultaneously has become increasingly costly and inefficient. Shutting down 2G and 3G networks will free up valuable radio spectrum, reduce operational costs and enable operators to enhance 4G and 5G services with improved speeds, capacity and security.
The government noted that Rwanda’s transition aligns with a broader global trend, with many countries already shutting down older mobile networks. At the same time, authorities acknowledged affordability challenges, noting that without intervention more than two million people could still be using 2G devices by 2030. Measures are therefore being introduced to improve access to affordable 4G-enabled smartphones and ensure vulnerable users are not left behind.
Before the nationwide 3G shutdown, the Ministry of ICT and Innovation (MINICT), the Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA) and mobile operators will verify nationwide 4G coverage, monitor Voice over LTE (VoLTE) performance and ensure uninterrupted access to voice services, SMS, mobile money and other essential digital services.
The migration will also include upgrading systems that still rely on 2G or 3G connectivity, including utility meters, vehicle tracking devices, security systems, payment terminals and USSD-based services. Mobile operators will continue expanding network coverage, conducting trial shutdowns and supporting customers throughout the transition.
Consumers have been encouraged to confirm that their devices and SIM cards support 4G, replace incompatible equipment where necessary and avoid purchasing phones that only support 2G or 3G connectivity. Businesses and government institutions have also been advised to audit legacy systems and complete migrations before the June 2027 deadline.
The nationwide transition is being coordinated by MINICT and RURA through a multi-stakeholder working group that includes mobile operators, financial institutions, government agencies and other industry stakeholders, with regular progress reviews planned before the final retirement of the country’s remaining 2G network.
